Of course, every garden needs constant maintenance.
It's spring outside, and especially now, in parallel with the awakening of nature, it's the right time to think and start gardening and landscaping the garden. How to make a garden more beautiful and fertile, how to decorate or restore it? We will help you. In this article, we will tell you what to consider when creating or growing a garden. How to raise and use the soil more efficiently and cultivate gardens in advanced ways. How is this activity useful and what should be done before the gardener's visit?, So keep reading.
Gardening can be useful.
According to researchers, gardening is good for your health. It reduces stress, blood pressure, and even promotes longevity. Some also point out that gardening can be more beneficial than going to the gym. For example, digging, digging, and other similar activities are proportional exercises that consume more calories than, for example, cycling. Please note: gardening is especially useful for adults. While waiting for a new sprout or bud to appear, they look to the future with positive expectations.
Armenia is rich in various fruits and berries. The maintenance of existing gardens should be organized in such a way that as much harvest as possible can be obtained from one unit of land.
Before laying the garden, it is necessary to take into account՝
Unfortunately, the errors related to this issue are irreparable. Transplanting large trees that have entered fruiting is fraught with many difficulties and excessive costs. In addition, at this time, the trees mostly wither and fail during transplantation.:
Useful information. Many mistakes caused by the wrong choice of a plot for laying a garden can be identified only when the trees enter the period of full yield. To avoid all this, you should take a very serious approach to choosing a place to lay gardens.
So, when choosing a place for a garden, it is necessary to take into account:
Interesting information. Perennial fruit and berry plants have been growing in the same place for many years. For example, peach trees and cherries grow for 15-25 years, plums and apricots for 40-50 years, apple trees and pears for 50-70 years. This process occurs under the mutual influence of the hereditary basis of these trees and the existing conditions.
When choosing a plot to lay a garden, you need to know:
You should also consider՝
After choosing a place for the garden, making a map and planning the site, the site must be cleared of stones, shrubs, and shrubs. In addition, using a soil leveling tool, graders, it is necessary to level the hollow and pits.:
For your information: skeletal roots of fruit plants spread in the soil layers 1.5-3 m and deeper, but hair roots form in the upper soil layers at a depth of 20-70-80 cm. Therefore, before planting at this depth, the soil should be treated (breathable, water-repellent, enriched with nutrients). that is, to create favorable conditions for the growth of hair roots.:
For this purpose, the selected area is treated in autumn to a depth of 30-40 cm: if stones or rhizomes of weeds have fallen out, they are cleaned and removed from the garden, and the soil is left in this state until spring.:
In spring, the soil should be raked and sown. Apply surface fertilizers with phosphorous and potash fertilizers in the first and second year of the lawn. Do not apply top dressing at the end of the third year, but fertilize with manure in the amount of 60-70 t / ha. In addition, also fertilize in large doses with phosphorous and potash fertilizers.:
For your information. The application of fertilizers with manure and mineral fertilizers enriches the soil with nutrients, improves its physico-chemical properties and creates favorable conditions for the good growth of planted trees.:
It is important. You should also take into account the fact that after planting, you should not drive the aisles or roadsides of trees deeper than 20-25 cm, so as not to cut the hair roots.
“When arranging gardens, berry plants should be positioned in such a way that it does not interfere with the normal process of growth and fruiting of trees and the application of planned complex agrotechnical measures.”
It is important. To ensure a full flow of water, the direction of the rows, regardless of the species composition and placement of the tree being planted, should be convenient for watering.
That is why, when creating gardens, depending on the specific and varietal characteristics of the plant being planted, their row spacing and row spacing do not have the same size.:
It is important. Tree species with biologically strong growth require a larger feeding area than those with weak growth. the feeding area may not be the same in different zones and for different species:
For example, an apple tree grows stronger than a quince, an apricot tree grows 1.5-2 times more luxuriant than a peach tree, etc.:
It is important. Trees in the garden should be planted in straight rows to simplify the processing of garden soil, the mechanization of pruning, processing, harvesting and transportation of crops.:
Pits should be prepared at least 1.5-2 months before planting, so that the excavated soil, as well as the walls and bottom of the pits, while remaining open, are exposed to the sun, air, and rain. In such soils, the adhesion of seedlings is high, and further growth occurs faster.:
For your information. The volume of the pits should be sufficient for the root system of planting to fit freely in the pit.:
According to the ripening period, early or summer varieties should be planted in one area, medium-ripened or autumn varieties in the second, and late-ripening or winter varieties in the third area. All this greatly facilitates the work of conservation and harvesting.:
It is important. Frost-resistant but early-blooming varieties should not be planted on sunny slopes, because such plants bloom earlier, and there is a high risk of early spring frosts, which can cause the flowers to freeze. To avoid this, early-flowering plants should be planted on shady slopes, where the soil warms up late, because of them the plant blooms late and is saved from spring frosts.:
Usually, the garden is usually planted in early spring, before the beginning of the growing season, and in autumn, after the leaves fall, before the onset of frost:
After March 10-15, the weather improves, and the heat begins to rise rapidly. Autumn plantings begin in October and last until the end of November, before the onset of persistent frosts, and last about 40-50 days.:
It is important. All seedlings should be checked one at a time before planting, as they often break, break, and scratch when removing seedlings from the nursery. If dryness or damaged parts are observed in the root system of the planting material, they should be removed with a sharp garden knife or scissors, making an incision 2-3 cm deeper than the edge of the healthy part.:
Seedlings planted in autumn are pruned the following spring before the buds swell, and seedlings planted in spring are pruned immediately after planting. The purpose of pruning is to rejuvenate trees, ensure sufficient annual tree growth, promote the appearance of new fruiting branches, as well as bud formation and differentiation. By pruning, old, dying fruiting branches are replaced with new ones and preserve the growth and fruiting organs of trees throughout the foliage.:
Digging, loosening
The soil in the accessory spaces is dug up or loosened several times. first, they dig in the fall, then 4-5 times in spring and summer. the accessory spaces, or so-called cups, should be dug to such a depth that the hair roots are not damaged. The more subordinate spaces are processed, the better:
Fertilizer
The size of the cultivated bottom spaces varies depending on the age of the trees, therefore, they need to be fertilized to varying degrees.:
Tree decoration
In the course of evolution, in order to use light, heat and other necessary factors, plants have acquired certain forms of foliage formation.:
Important. When forming trees, the biological characteristics of the tree being pruned should be taken into account and given an appropriate appearance, avoiding serious damage. After the foliage is formed, the trees should be pruned every year throughout their life. The goals, shapes, gradations, and timing of pruning may vary depending on the age periods or stages of tree growth.:
To properly maintain and care for a garden and obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to recognize pests and diseases and know the means and measures for combating them. The best time to carry out pest and disease control measures is in autumn and spring, during agricultural and cultivation activities. Precautionary measures: When using toxic substances, it is important to remember that grazing livestock, mowing grass, and feeding freshly cut grass to animals are prohibited in areas treated with poisonous substances. In fruit orchards and vineyards, the use of toxic substances should be discontinued 25–30 days before harvesting. It is also important to properly organize pest and weed control. Most pests and disease-causing organisms overwinter and survive in the soil, plant residues, and weed vegetation. From this perspective, applying methods to protect plants from pests is of great importance. To control weeds, implementing a comprehensive set of measures (mechanical, chemical, and agricultural methods of weed control) can significantly reduce the number of weeds to a harmless or desirable level. The most effective and economically justified weed-control system involves combining different approaches and methods. The three main weed-management strategies are prevention, eradication, and control.
Nevertheless, help is needed.
Well, now that you are better informed, you can start creating or cultivating your garden. However, if you still have some concerns and do not want to work alone, help is available. Gardeners registered on the Varpet platform will respond to your request very quickly and help you. Digging and loosening soil, mowing and collecting grass, laying lawns, landscaping trees or arranging flowers, spraying fruit trees, pruning, relocating plants, or caring for, treating, and maintaining indoor plants and perennial flowers—and much more. You can order all these services through the Varpet app. You can download it here.
Gardening is beneficial for health: it reduces stress and blood pressure and may even contribute to longevity. Some people also note that gardening can be healthier than exercising at a gym.
Before establishing a garden, it is necessary to consider:
Choosing a location for a garden is a responsible and important task. Unfortunately, mistakes related to selecting a garden location are often irreversible. Transplanting large trees that have already reached the fruit-bearing stage involves many difficulties and unnecessary expenses. In addition, when trees are transplanted at this age, most of them dry out and fail to survive. Useful information: Many of the mistakes caused by choosing an unsuitable plot of land for establishing a garden may only become apparent when the trees reach full productivity. To avoid all this, great care must be taken when selecting a location for a new garden.
Thus, when choosing a garden location, the following factors must be taken into account:
When selecting a plot of land for establishing orchards, it is necessary to know the biological characteristics of the tree species and varieties planned for planting, their requirements regarding environmental factors, as well as the specific soil and climatic conditions of the plot. It is also necessary to consider the direction and speed of winds, the total amount of precipitation—especially during the growing season—the availability of artificial irrigation resources, soil type, and other factors.
After selecting, mapping, and planning the garden location, the plot must be cleared of stones, shrubs, and thickets. In addition, the uneven areas, mounds, and depressions should be leveled using grading equipment such as graders.
The skeletal roots of fruit plants extend into soil layers 1.5–3 meters and deeper, while the fine feeder roots develop in the upper soil layers, at depths of approximately 20–70–80 cm. Therefore, before
planting the orchard, the soil should be cultivated to this depth; in other words, favorable conditions should be created for the growth of the fine feeder roots.
Before establishing the garden, the soil layer should be improved. For this purpose, the selected plot is plowed in autumn to a depth of 30–40 cm. If stones or weed rhizomes are brought to the surface, they should be removed and taken away from the garden, and the soil should be left in this plowed condition until spring. In spring, the soil should be harrowed and sown. During the first year, surface fertilization should be carried out with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. At the end of the third year, instead of plowing, the soil should be fertilized with manure, as well as large doses of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. For your information: Fertilizing with large quantities of manure and mineral fertilizers enriches the soil with nutrients, improves its physical and chemical properties, and creates favorable conditions for the healthy growth of the fine feeder roots of the trees to be planted.
When establishing gardens, berry plants should be arranged in such a way that they do not interfere with the normal growth and fruit-bearing of trees or with the implementation of planned agricultural measures. Important: To ensure adequate water flow, the direction of the rows should be convenient for irrigation, regardless of the composition and arrangement of the tree species being planted. Growing space for fruit plants: Different fruit and berry plants require different amounts of growing space. For this reason, when establishing orchards, the distances between rows and between individual plants vary depending on the species and varietal characteristics of the plants being planted. Important: Tree species with vigorous biological growth require more growing space than weak-growing species. The required growing space cannot be the same for different regions and different species. Trees should be given enough growing space so that, as they grow, their crowns do not interfere with one another.
Trees in the garden should be planted in straight rows so that soil cultivation, tree pruning, treatment, harvesting, and transportation of the crop can be mechanized more easily.
After selecting and planning the location of the garden, it is necessary to dig and prepare planting holes for the trees before planting. The holes should be prepared at least 1.5–2 months before planting so that the excavated soil, as well as the walls and bottom of the holes, remain exposed to sunlight, air, and rain. Seedlings establish better in such soil, and their subsequent growth is faster.
Distribution of varieties throughout the garden. Varieties should be planted according to their ripening period: early-ripening or summer varieties should be planted in one plot, mid-ripening or autumn varieties in a second, and late-ripening or winter varieties in a third plot. This greatly facilitates harvesting and the storage of the crop. Important: Cold-resistant but early-flowering varieties should not be planted on sunny slopes because such plants bloom earlier, increasing the risk of late spring frosts, which can damage the flowers. To avoid this, early-flowering plants should be planted on shaded slopes, where the soil warms up later; as a result, the plants bloom later and are protected from spring frosts.
Garden planting periods and techniques. It is generally accepted that gardens should be planted in early spring, before vegetation begins, and in autumn, after leaf fall and before the onset of frost. In spring, the period for planting trees is very short, lasting only 12–15 days, which makes it very difficult to properly organize large-scale planting operations in a timely manner. Autumn, on the other hand, is warm and long in our region. Autumn planting begins in October and continues until the end of November, until the onset of persistent frosts, and lasts approximately 40–50 days.
Important: Before planting, all seedlings should be inspected individually, as seedlings are often broken, damaged, or scratched when removed from the nursery. If dried or damaged areas are found in the root system of the planting material, they should be removed with a sharp garden knife or pruning shears by cutting 2–3 cm into the healthy part.
Pruning newly planted trees. Seedlings planted in autumn are pruned the following spring, before the buds swell, while those planted in spring are pruned immediately after planting.
The purpose of pruning is to rejuvenate trees, ensure sufficient annual growth, promote the formation of new fruit-bearing branches, and encourage the formation and differentiation of flower buds. Through pruning, old and dying fruit-bearing branches are replaced with new ones, while the development of growing and fruit-bearing organs is maintained throughout the entire crown.
The soil in the areas around the tree trunks is dug or loosened several times. It is first dug in autumn, and then loosened 4–5 times in spring and summer. The areas around the tree trunks, also known as basins, should be dug to a depth that does not damage the fine roots. The sooner the areas around the tree trunks are tilled, the better.
One of the important tasks in caring for the areas around tree trunks is fertilization. The size of the cultivated area around the tree varies depending on the age of the trees; therefore, the amount of fertilizer required also varies.
Tree training. During evolution, plants developed certain crown shapes in order to make use of light, heat, and other essential factors. In addition, people also shape the crowns of trees. Crown formation is carried out through pruning. Important: When training trees, their biological characteristics should be taken into account, and the appropriate shape should be given while avoiding severe damage. After the crown has been formed, trees should be pruned every year throughout their entire lifetime. The purposes, forms, intensity, and timing of pruning may change depending on the age-related periods or stages of tree growth.
To properly maintain and care for a garden and obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to recognize garden pests and diseases and know the methods and measures for combating them. The best time to take measures against pests and diseases is in autumn and spring, during agrotechnical activities.
Precautionary measures: When using toxic substances, it is important to observe the following: grazing livestock, mowing hay, and feeding livestock with fresh vegetation are prohibited in areas treated with toxic substances. In fruit-tree and grapevine nurseries, the use of toxic substances should be stopped 25–30 days before harvesting. It is also important to organize pest and weed control properly. The majority of pests and disease-causing organisms overwinter and survive in the soil, plant residues, and weed vegetation. From this perspective, the use of pest-protection methods is particularly important. Implementing comprehensive measures to control weeds can significantly reduce their numbers to harmless levels.
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